Ответ на пост «Русская грамматика и английская грамматика – кто круче?»
В английском тоже много словоформ. Без воды:
Базовые формы
run
runs
ran
running
to run
Простое будущее
will run
will not run
won't run
Прогрессивные
am running
is running
are running
was running
were running
will be running
would be running
Перфектные
have run
has run
had run
will have run
would have run
Перфектные прогрессивные
have been running
has been running
had been running
will have been running
would have been running
Модальные (минимум)
can run
could run
may run
might run
must run
should run
would run
ought to run
have to run
used to run
am able to run
be supposed to run
be allowed to run
be forced to run
Фразовые глаголы (с базовым набором форм; каждый — минимум 5 форм)
run out — закончиться, иссякнуть
run out
runs out
ran out
running out
to run out
has run out
had run out
will run out
is running out
was running out
will have run out
would have run out
(12 форм)
run away — убегать
run away
runs away
ran away
running away
to run away
have run away
had run away
will run away
is running away
was running away
will be running away
would be running away
(12)
run into — столкнуться / наткнуться
run into
runs into
ran into
running into
to run into
have run into
had run into
will run into
is running into
was running into
will have run into
(11)
run over — переехать / пробежаться глазами
run over
runs over
ran over
running over
to run over
have run over
will have run over
is running over
was running over
(9)
run on — продолжаться
run on
runs on
ran on
running on
to run on
has run on
is running on
will be running on
(8)
run for — баллотироваться / бежать куда-то
run for
runs for
ran for
running for
to run for
has been running for
will be running for
(7)
run through — просматривать / протыкать
run through
runs through
ran through
running through
to run through
have run through
is running through
(7)
run by — согласовать / проверить с кем-то
run by
runs by
ran by
running by
to run by
have run by
is running by
(7)
run off — сбегать
run off
runs off
ran off
running off
to run off
have run off
will run off
(7)
На данный момент только по 10 фразовым глаголам мы уже имеем:
12 + 12 + 11 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 80 словоформ
Добавляем базовые формы и времена выше, их было 41 (без повторов).
80 + 41 = 121
Мы ещё даже не коснулись:
run across
run down
run up
run around
run behind
run against
run along
run out on
run over to
run through with
run up against
run over on
run behind on
run out of
Каждый из них легко превращается в 7–12 форм. Возьмем хотя бы ещё 5 штук по минимуму 7 форм:
5 × 7 = 35
121 + 35 = 156 словоформ
А если досчитать честно все фразовые вариации, включая пассив, перфект с модальностью и отрицания, — английский перевалит за 300+ без малейшего натяжения.
